The classes were very funny. During the course, we learned Spanish through games, excursions etc. The teachers are very profesional, they are very good with students and Be in Granada and know the Alhambre were realizations of my dream, but not as important as the fact of passing 2 offical exams one about business and one about tourism.
After I finished my degree in Hispanish Philology in Barcelona, I decided to specialize myself in teaching Spanish as a foreign language. The school was very good. I have met a lot of sympathic people again, teachers and students, in a nice environment. I also worked a lot and I think that I made a lot of progress. I started with speaking a little bit of Spanish for the first time. Not only because of the beautiful memories of Granada and Andalusia in general , but also because of the friendly atmosphere off the school.
As you see, I am writing from Istanbul to tell you something. I went to Granada to learn Spanish one year ago. I liked it a lot Granada is a cheap and small city. It is really a city for students. The persons who work at the school are very interested in the students. They listen to your problems and solve them very fast. In an Islamic Berber raiding party, led by Tariq ibn Ziyad, was sent to Iberia to intervene in a civil war in the Visigothic Kingdom.
A decisive victory for the Christians took place at Covadonga, in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, in the summer of In a minor battle known as the Battle of Covadonga, a Muslim force sent to put down the Christian rebels in the northern mountains was defeated by Pelagius of Asturias, who established the monarchy of the Christian Kingdom of Asturias.
In , a rebellion in Galicia, assisted by the Asturians, drove out Muslim forces, and it joined the Asturian kingdom. The Kingdom of Asturias became the main base for Christian resistance to Islamic rule in the Iberian Peninsula for several centuries. Muslim interest in the peninsula returned in force around when Al-Mansur sacked Barcelona in Under his son, other Christian cities were subjected to numerous raids.
Faced with the choice of death, conversion, or emigration, many Jews and Christians left. The Taifa kingdoms lost ground to the Christian realms in the north. After the loss of Toledo in , the Muslim rulers reluctantly invited the Almoravides, who invaded Al-Andalus from North Africa and established an empire.
In the 12th century the Almoravid empire broke up again, only to be taken over by the invasion of the Almohads, who were defeated by an alliance of the Christian kingdoms in the decisive battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in By , nearly all of Iberia was back under Christian rule, with the exception of the Muslim kingdom of Granada—the only independent Muslim realm in Spain that would last until Kamen denies that the Inquisition played as important a role in Spanish history as is often made out and estimates that the Holy Office carried out no more than 3, executions in Spain in total.
The persecution, he maintains, never gripped the entire land and the aim was mainly one of social control. In his view, the reason Spain lagged behind culturally and scientifically lies in education.
He even minimizes the influence of the Catholic religion in the modern age. Kamen takes a critical view of the Spanish Empire, but rejects the idea of the conquest of America. Colonization, he adds, was not a conquest, but trade with international participants.
He is particularly irritated by the myth of September 11, , the date Barcelona fell in the War of Succession, which is presented by some as a heroic resistance by the Catalans against Castilian absolutism. In his view, what did happen was a plot conceived by a handful of Catalan leaders to invite the British to occupy Catalonia and help separate it from Spain. The same can be said of The War of Independence.
He also notes that political fragmentation has led to a weak central government, which in his opinion makes it difficult to find solutions to stabilize the country. English version by Heather Galloway. The Christians were also blighted by rebellions, and internal intrigues prevented effective resistance.
Despite all this however, the kingdom clung on to life and by the dawn of the new millennium the Reconquista was ready to be resumed. In , the old Visigoth capital of Toledo fell to Christian forces.
The capture of Toledo was a major milestone of the Reconquista. Credit: Wikimedia Commons. Alarmed by these developments, the Moorish rulers of southern Spain invited the Almoravids, tough Islamic warriors from Africa, to fight for them. The fact that the Reconquista took almost years is testament to the strength of Almoravid resistance, even after Islamic power began to wane after c.
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