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We ask that you report content that you in good faith believe violates the above rules by clicking the Flag link next to the offending comment or by filling out this form. New comments are only accepted for 3 days from the date of publication. Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Figure 2. Statistical analysis Sample size calculation of this study was based on the study by Gazal et al. Results Of the recruited, 10 patients were excluded by the dental surgeon as they were considered unsuitable for including in this study 5 had LA overdoses, 2 fainted after local anesthetic injection, 2 of their teeth extraction was carried out surgically and one refused extraction after local anesthetic injection.
Table 1 Comparison between mean pain scores for the paracetamol, ibuprofen, and diclofenac potassium groups 2, 4 and 6 hours post operatively.
Table 2 A summary of the number of patients who requested rescue analgesics in paracetamol, ibuprofen, and diclofenac potassium groups postoperatively.
Table 3 Comparisons between mean distress scores for the patients in the preoperative and postoperative groups. Discussion Clinically, the findings of this study revealed that all the 3 preemptive analgesics paracetamol at dosage of 1 g, ibuprofen at dosage of mg and diclofenac potassium at dosage of 50 mg reduced the post extraction and deep cavity preparation pain intensity and the need for rescue analgesic. Acknowledgment We would like to thank the dentists, dental assistants, receptionists, and the Oral and Maxillofacial and Restorative Units staff involved in the local anesthetic extraction and cavities preparation services in Taibah College of Dentistry, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Footnotes Disclosure. Illustrations, Figures, Photographs. References 1. Three-dimensional evaluation of postoperative swelling after third molar surgery using 2 different cooling therapy methods: a randomized observer-blind prospective study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. Perioperative bromelain reduces pain and swelling and improves quality of life measures after mandibular third molar surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Analgesic efficacy with rapidly absorbed ibuprofen sodium dihydrate in postsurgical dental pain: results from the randomized QUIKK trial. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. Preemptive analgesic effect of low doses of celecoxib is superior to low doses of traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Craniofac Surg. Single dose of diclofenac or meloxicam for control of pain, facial swelling, and trismus in oral surgery.
Pain and anxiety management for pediatric dental procedures using various combinations of sedative drugs: A review. Saudi Pharml J.
Ketoprofen is more effective than diclofenac after oral surgery when used as a preemptive analgesic: a pilot study. J Oral Facial Pain Headache. De Menezes S, Cury P. Efficacy of nimesulide versus meloxicam in the control of pain, swelling and trismus following extraction of impacted lower third molar. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. Investigational drugs targeting the prostaglandin E2 signaling pathway for the treatment of inflammatory pain.
Expert Opin Investig Drugs. Prostaglandin E2 in apical tissue fluid and postoperative pain in intact and teeth with large restorations in two endodontic treatment visits. Srp Arh Celok Lek. Gupta R. Pain Management: Essential Topics for Examinations. Berlin Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg; Spinal Cord Stimulation; pp. Ibuprofen is superior to paracetamol for pain relief following third molar removal.
Evidence-Based Dentistry. Transdermal diclofenac patches for control of post-extraction pain. Pilot randomized controlled double-blind study. Oral Maxillofac Surg. Assessment of preemptive analgesia with ibuprofen coadministered or not with dexamethasone in third molar surgery: a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial.
Antipyretic therapy in the febrile child. Clin Pharm. Murphy KA. Acetaminophen and ibuprofen: fever control and overdose. Pediatr Nurs.
Concepts and controversies. Emerg Med Clin North Am. Food and Drug Administration. Gazal G, Mackie IC. Distress related to dental extraction for children under general anaesthesia and their parents. Eur J Paediatr Dent. A comparison of paracetamol, ibuprofen or their combination for pain relief following extractions in children under general anaesthesia: a randomized controlled trial.
Int J Paediatric Dent. A standard glass of wine ml is 2 units. A pint of lager or beer is usually 2 to 3 units of alcohol. Apart from not drinking too much alcohol, you can eat and drink normally while taking diclofenac. It happens rarely, but some people can feel tired, dizzy or sleepy when they take diclofenac.
They may also have problems with their eyesight. If diclofenac affects you in this way, do not drive or ride a bike until it passes and you feel OK again.
Page last reviewed: 10 June Next review due: 10 June Diclofenac - Brand names: Voltarol, Dicloflex, Diclomax, Econac, Fenactol, Motifene On this page About diclofenac Key facts Who can and cannot take diclofenac How and when to take or use diclofenac Taking diclofenac with other painkillers Side effects How to cope with side effects of diclofenac Pregnancy and breastfeeding Cautions with other medicines Common questions about diclofenac.
About diclofenac Diclofenac is a medicine that reduces swelling inflammation and pain. These include: rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis sprains and strains in muscles and ligaments back pain toothache migraine gout ankylosing spondylitis — this causes inflammation of the spine and other parts of the body Diclofenac comes as tablets and capsules, including slow-release tablets and capsules, and suppositories.
Help us improve our website Can you answer a quick question about your visit today? Take diclofenac tablets or capsules with a meal or snack, or just after eating. Common side effects are stomach pain, feeling or being sick and rashes.
Diclofenac gel and plasters can be used twice a day to target pain in a particular area of your body. Most adults can take diclofenac. To make sure it's safe for you, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you: have ever had an allergic reaction to diclofenac or any other medicines have an allergy to aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines NSAIDs such as ibuprofen or naproxen have ever had side effects from taking NSAIDs, such as wheezing or other signs of asthma , a runny nose, swelling of the skin angioedema or a rash have ever had stomach ulcers , bleeding in the stomach or intestines, or a hole in your stomach have high blood pressure hypertension have heart failure , severe liver disease or kidney disease have Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis have lupus have a blood clotting disorder are pregnant, planning to get pregnant, or breastfeeding.
Diclofenac tablets, capsules and suppositories Dosage You'll usually take diclofenac tablets, capsules or suppositories 2 to 3 times a day. How to take tablets and capsules Swallow diclofenac tablets or capsules with a drink of milk. Swallow them whole, do not crush, break or chew them. How to use suppositories Suppositories are medicine that you push gently into your anus bottom.
Go to the toilet beforehand if you need to. Wash your hands before and after using the medicine. Also clean around your anus with mild soap and water, rinse and pat dry. Unwrap the suppository.
Gently push the suppository into your anus with the pointed end first. It needs to go in about 3 centimetres 1 inch. Sit or lie still for about 15 minutes. The suppository will melt inside your anus. This is normal. Diclofenac gel Dosage You'll usually use the gel 2 to 4 times a day, depending on how strong it is. Important: Maximum dose for diclofenac gel Do not use diclofenac gel more than 4 times in any hour period.
How to use the gel Gently squeeze the tube, or press firmly and evenly on the nozzle of the dispenser, to get a small amount of gel. Put the gel on the painful or swollen area and slowly rub it in. It may feel cool on your skin. Wash your hands afterwards. Diclofenac plasters and patches Dosage Treat only 1 painful area at a time. How to use plasters and patches Stick a medicated plaster or patch over the painful area twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening.
Take the old patch off before you put the new one on. Apply gentle pressure with the palm of your hand until it's completely stuck to your skin. When you want to take the plaster or patch off, it helps to moisten it with some water first. Once you have taken it off, wash the affected skin and rub it gently in circular movements to remove any leftover glue.
What if I forget to take it? Never take a double dose to make up for a forgotten dose. What if I take too much? It can cause side effects such as: stomach ache feeling or being sick vomiting diarrhoea black poo or blood in your vomit — a sign of bleeding in your stomach headaches drowsiness ringing in your ears tinnitus. Urgent advice: Contact for advice if:. Important Before taking any other medicines together with diclofenac, check the label to see if they contain ibuprofen, aspirin or other NSAIDs.
Common side effects Common side effects of diclofenac tablets, capsules and suppositories happen in more than 1 in people. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if these side effects bother you or do not go away: feeling sick nausea being sick vomiting or diarrhoea feeling dizzy or vertigo headaches stomach ache, wind or loss of appetite mild rash You're less likely to have side effects with diclofenac gel or plasters.
It can make your skin: more sensitive to sunlight than normal develop a rash where you applied the gel or plaster dry or irritated eczema itchy or inflamed dermatitis Serious side effects These serious side effects are rare and happen in less than 1 in 1, people.
Call your doctor straight away if: you have blood in your vomit or black poo — these could be signs of bleeding in your stomach or gut you have severe indigestion, heartburn or stomach pain, vomiting or diarrhoea — these can be signs of an ulcer or inflammation in your stomach or gut the whites of your eyes or your skin turn yellow, although this may be less obvious on brown or black skin — this can be a sign of liver problems you have a raised, itchy rash, or swollen or puffy skin — these can be signs of hives urticaria or oedema swelling you have breathlessness, tiredness and swollen legs or ankles — these can be signs of heart failure.
Serious allergic reaction In rare cases, it's possible to have a serious allergic reaction anaphylaxis to diclofenac. Information: You can report any suspected side effect using the Yellow Card safety scheme. Diclofenac may be less effective if you're taking rifampicin for tuberculosis. Last updated: Parenting Mental health Healthy eating Conditions Follow. Type keyword s to search. Can I take indigestion remedies with diclofenac? Can I take other painkillers with diclofenac?
However, don't take the following painkillers while you're taking diclofenac, because this will make you more likely to get side effects on your stomach and intestines: painkilling doses of aspirin other anti-inflammatory painkillers NSAIDs like ibuprofen or naproxen selective inhibitors of COX-2 such as celecoxib or etoricoxib.
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